Important Amendments to the Indian Constitution
முக்கியமான அரசியலமைப்பு சட்ட திருத்தங்கள்
| Amendment | Year | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | 1956 | Reorganisation of states on linguistic basis and abolition of Class A, B, C and D states and introduction of Union Territories. |
| 9 | 1960 | Adjustments to Indian territory as a result of agreement with Paksitan. |
| 10 | 1961 | Dadra, Nagar and Haveli included in Indian Union as a Union Territory on acquisition from Portugal. |
| 12 | 1961 | Goa, Daman and Diu included in Indian Union as a Union Territory on acquisition from Portugal. |
| 13 | 1962 | The state of Nagaland formed with special protection under Article 371A on 01 Dec 1963. |
| 14 | 1962 | Pondicherry incorporated into Indian Union after transfer by France. |
| 21 | 1967 | Sindhi added as language in the 8th schedule. |
| 26 | 1971 | Privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states abolished. |
| 36 | 1975 | Sikkim included as an Indian state. |
| 42 | 1976 | Fundamental Duties prescribed, India became Socialist Secular Republic. |
| 44 | 1978 | Right to Property deleted from the list of fundamental rights. |
| 52 | 1985 | Defection to another party after election made illegal. |
| 61 | 1989 | Voting age reduced from 21 to 18. |
| 71 | 1992 | Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali added as languages in the Eighth Schedule. |
| 73 | 1993 | Introduction of Panchayati Raj, addition of Part IX to the Constitution. |
| 74 | 1993 | Introduction of Municipalities. |
| 86 | 2002 | Free and compulsory education to children between 6 and 14 years. |
| 92 | 2003 | Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithli added to the list of recognised languages. |
| 8,
23, 45, 62, 79 and 95 |
1960,
1970, 1980, 1989, 2000 and 2010 |
Extension of reservation of seats for SC/ST and nomination of Anglo-Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies. |
| 96 | 2011 | Substituted Odia for Oriya in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution |
| 97 | 2012 | Introduction of Part IXB in the Constitution pertaining to Co-operative Societies |
| 101 | 2016 | Introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) |
| 102 | 2018 | Establishment of National Commission for Backward Classes |
| 103 | 2019 | Reservation for economically weaker sections of the society |
| The 42nd amendment was the most comprehensive amendment which had 59 clauses and carried out so many changes that it has been described as a “Mini Constitution”. | ||
| The 52nd amendment was the only amendment to be unanimously adopted by the Parliament. | ||
